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Did you try opening google maps? Normally doing so, bring up a prompt to turn on GPS if it isnt already on.
Could also try downloading GPS Staus from Google Play. This little app helped me out alot in the early days of Ingress.
OK now I've done some experimentation... and I'm still just as confused! I tried opening maps, there's no sign of being able to enable or disable GPS. I activated an aviation app and got a readout of number of satellites visible, elevation, lat/long etc but still no indication in the notification bar that a GPS signal was responsible. My weather widget can't even establish my location! Yes, the location widget is popping up all the time to tell me Google location is active, but not so the GPS one. I say again, it was there the day before the firmware update and not after. I see somebody with a Z2 tablet has the same issue in these pages, and Sony told him the problem was unreported. WRONG!
I take it you have the GPS selected as ON in the Settings Menu under Location......i could be wrong but does your Network not have something to do with distinguishing GPS locations......
Apologies if i'm wrong 